The Menningers were an American family of renowned psychiatrists who 
founded some of the world’s leading psychiatric clinics. Charles 
Frederick (1862­1953) and his son Karl Augustus (1893­1990) founded 
The Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas in 1925 to treat the mentally ill. 
Later, Karl and his brother William Claire (1899­1966) founded the 
Menninger Foundation for Education and Research. Both brothers were 
also prolific authors of scientific works.